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Gallo-Italic languages
The Gallo-Italian or Gallo-Italic languages constitute the majority of the languages of northern Italy. They are Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian, Romagnol and Ligurian, although there is some doubt about the position of the latter due to a number of special characteristics. The Venetian language is usually considered to belong to a different dialect community, whereas some publications place it among the Gallo-Italian languages.〔As in Ethnologue〕
The Gallo-Italian languages have characteristics both of the Gallo-Romance languages to the northwest (including French and Occitan) and the Italo-Romance languages to the south (including standard Italian). Examples of the former are the loss of all final vowels other than ''-a''; the occurrence of lenition; the development of original /kt/ to /jt/ (and often later to ); and the development of front rounded vowels (e.g. the change of /u/ to /y/). Examples of the latter are the use of vowel changes to indicate plurals, in place of /s/; the widespread occurrence of metaphony of stressed vowels, triggered by original final /i/; and the development in some areas of instead of as the result of palatalization of original /k/ before ''e'' and ''i''. As a result, there is some debate over the proper grouping of the Gallo-Italian languages. They are sometimes grouped with the Gallo-Romance languages,〔Ethnologue, ).〕〔Walter De Gruyter, ''Italienisch, Korsisch, Sardisch'', 1988, p. 452.〕〔Michele Loporcaro, ''Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani'', 2013, p. 70.〕〔Martin Maiden, Mair Parry, ''Dialects of Italy'', 1997, Introduction p. 3.〕〔Anna Laura Lepschy, Giulio Lepschy, ''The Italian Language Today'', 1998, p. 41.〕
== Geographic distribution ==
Traditionally spoken in Northern Italy, Southern Switzerland, San Marino and Monaco, most Gallo-Italian languages have given way in everyday use to Standard Italian. The vast majority of current speakers are bilingual with Italian. These languages are still spoken by the Italian diaspora in countries with Italian immigrant communities. Ligurian is formalised in Monaco as Monegasque.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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